Encapsulation: Is like a capsule for medicine. It bundles the 'data' (the medicine ingredients, often kept private/hidden inside) and the 'methods' (how the capsule delivers the medicine) together. It hides the internal details (how the medicine works chemically - the implementation) from the outside world. You interact with the capsule (object) through its defined interface (swallowing it), not by accessing the raw ingredients directly. It protects the internal state.

Abstraction: Is like the steering wheel and pedals of a car. It shows only the *essential features* needed to interact with the car (steering, accelerating, braking) while hiding the complex *implementation details* (engine mechanics, hydraulics). You know *what* the steering wheel does (turn the car), but you don't need to know *how* it does it mechanically to use it effectively. Abstraction focuses on the 'what' (interface/methods visible) rather than the 'how' (implementation hidden).

Java Mock Exam (SE 109)